C2 Fluid Testing

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Formate Technical Manual, Part C: Formate Field Procedures and Applications
Section C2: Fluid Testing and Property Maintenance

Most standard fluid test procedures used for heavy brines (API RP 13J) and water-based drilling fluids (API RP 13B-1) are equally valid for formate brines and fluids. However, a small number of tests should be avoided and replaced by alternatives discussed in this section.

There is also one standard test – the retort test – that should NEVER be used in formate brines for safety reasons. This section of the manual lists the standard tests, specifying those recommended for formate fluids and those that are not. Full descriptions of the methods unique to formate fluids or modified for use with formate fluids are provided. In addition, detailed methods for adjusting properties during field use are given, together with recommendations for enhancing performance and problem solving.

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Table of contents: Section C2 Fluid Testing and Property Maintenance
Section	Subject	Page number
C2.1	Fluid testing procedures	2
C2.1.1	Introduction	2
C2.1.2	pH	2
C2.1.3	Density	2
C2.1.4	Solids analysis of formate fluids	4
C2.1.5	Total hardness (Ca2 Mg2 )	4
C2.1.6	Calcium (Ca2 )	5
C2.1.7	Dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate (pH buffer) content	5
C2.2	Property maintenance and adjustment	6
C2.2.1	Introduction	6
C2.2.2	Density	6
C2.2.3	Contamination	8
C2.2.4	pH maintenance	9
C2.2.5	Carbonate/bicarbonate (buffer) maintenance	9
C2.2.6	Calcium carbonate maintenance	10
C2.2.7	Polymer maintenance	10
C2.3	Performance enhancement and problem solving	10
C2.3.1	ROP enhancement	10
C2.3.2	Hole cleaning and hydraulics	11
C2.3.3	Fluid loss, rheology, and gelling problems	11
C2.3.4	Foaming	11
C2.3.5	Erratic gas readings	11
	References	11